Invest Smart: A Guide to Valid Land Titles in Abuja
When it comes to investing in land or property in Abuja, knowledge is not just power—it’s protection. At The Bricks Real Estate Limited, we understand that owning land is more than just a transaction; it’s a generational investment. That’s why one of the most important steps before purchasing land is ensuring the title is valid, recognized, and secure.
In Abuja, land ownership is regulated under both Customary Law and Statutory Law, and there are several types of land titles you may encounter. Below is a clear and practical guide to help you understand the valid land titles in the Federal Capital Territory and why they matter.
1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
This is the gold standard of land titles in Nigeria. Issued by the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA), the C of O proves that you have the government’s approval to occupy and use the land for a set period—usually 99 years.
✅ Why it matters: It offers the highest level of security and is a must-have for real estate investors who value peace of mind.
2. Deed of Assignment
This document legally transfers ownership of land from one person (assignor) to another (assignee). While it’s a private agreement, it must be registered with the Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS) for it to be recognized.
✅ Why it matters: It’s common in secondary market sales—when you’re buying from an individual instead of directly from the government.
3. Deed of Conveyance
Similar to the Deed of Assignment, this document signifies the outright sale of land, particularly in older transactions. It must also be registered with AGIS for legal validity.
✅ Why it matters: It gives full ownership rights when there’s no lease involved.
4. FCT Minister’s Consent
Under the Land Use Act, you cannot legally transfer interest in land without the consent of the FCT Minister. This applies especially to land under leasehold.
✅ Why it matters: Without this consent, your transaction could be declared void.
5. Statutory Leasehold
In Abuja, land is often leased from the government (or an authorized party) for up to 99 years. This is what most C of Os actually represent.
✅ Why it matters: It grants long-term use rights and is common in urban developments.
6. Customary Right of Occupancy
Granted by local or traditional authorities, this type of title is more common in rural or indigenous areas.
✅ Why it matters: It may not be formally registered, making it less secure for large investments unless upgraded.
7. Excision
Excision occurs when the government releases land previously acquired for public use and allocates it to individuals or communities.
✅ Why it matters: Once excised, a Certificate of Occupancy can be processed, giving it stronger legal backing.
8. Land Grant
This is land allocated by the government, sometimes as compensation or part of a development incentive.
✅ Why it matters: It may come with conditions or restrictions, so review the terms carefully.
9. Legal Possession (Possessory Title)
This is based on long-term, open, and uninterrupted occupation of land. It’s recognized under Nigerian law but can be risky.
✅ Why it matters: It lacks formal documentation, so it’s not advisable for serious real estate investment.
10. Title by Prescription (Adverse Possession)
When someone has openly and continuously occupied land for a certain period (12 or 20 years), they may legally claim ownership.
✅ Why it matters: It’s only valid with a court declaration and clear evidence—so proceed with caution.
11. Town Planning Approval
This isn’t a title per se, but it’s crucial for any kind of building or development on land. It ensures your use of the land complies with zoning laws and planning regulations.
✅ Why it matters: No valid title is complete without this if your intent is to build or develop.
So, Why Does This Matter?
At The Bricks Real Estate Limited, we’ve seen countless cases where investors lost money due to unclear or fake land titles. A beautiful plot of land with a shaky title is like a luxury car without an engine—it looks good, but you can’t go anywhere with it.
To truly protect your investment, always:
- Verify the title through AGIS or the relevant land registry.
- Insist on documentation like the C of O or Deed of Assignment.
- Get legal support—preferably a real estate lawyer familiar with Abuja property laws.
Final Word from The Bricks
Whether you’re a first-time buyer or a seasoned investor, understanding valid land titles in Abuja is not optional—it’s essential. At The Bricks Real Estate Limited, we’re committed to helping you make informed, safe, and profitable real estate decisions.
👉 Ready to invest in secure, verified property?
Let The Bricks be your guide to Fine Art for Fine Living.
Moses Adegboyega
Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme court of Nigeria
